Magnetism

Understanding magnetic fields, magnetic forces, and electromagnetic induction

Topics

How do magnets work?

Magnets work through magnetic fields created by aligned magnetic domains in materials. Permanent magnets have domains aligned by their atomic structure, while electromagnets create fields through electric current flowing through coils.

How does a compass work?

A compass works because its magnetic needle aligns with Earth's magnetic field. The needle is a small magnet that points toward magnetic north, allowing navigation by showing direction relative to Earth's magnetic poles.

What is a magnetic field?

A magnetic field is a region around a magnet or moving electric charge where magnetic forces act on other magnets or moving charges. It's invisible but can be detected by its effects on magnetic materials and compasses.

What is electromagnetic induction?

Electromagnetic induction is the process of generating electric current by changing magnetic fields. When a magnetic field changes near a conductor, it creates an electric field that drives current, as described by Faraday's law.

Why do magnets attract metal?

Magnets attract certain metals (like iron, nickel, and cobalt) because these ferromagnetic materials have unpaired electrons that align with the magnet's magnetic field, creating attraction through magnetic forces.